PREEMPT_RT, also known as "the rt patch", has existed for nearly a decade and a half as an out-of-tree solution to making the Linux kernel suitable for real-time applications.
For years, there has been a trickle of functionality coming from the rt patch into mainline, however, with the recent formulation of the Real Time Linux collaborative project, this process has been significantly accelerated. So much so that it appears that Real Soon Now (TM) you'll be able to build an RT kernel without relying on an out-of-tree patchset.
In this presentation, Julia Cartwright will show an analysis of the amount of code held out of the tree over the years, discuss the remaining outstanding challenges in upstreaming the rt patch, and speculate as to problems that might be seen in when rt finally hits mainline.